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There are three basic ways to manipulate bits of data. In digital electronics this is done with circuits called logic gates. Logic gates are essentially state detectors. They will indicate the relative states of several bits. The three basic gates and the states they detect are as follows:
The OR Gate will compare the states of two or more connections and indicate if any of the connections has a logical 1 applied to it. An OR gate will deliver a logical 1 if any of its inputs has a logical 1.
The AND Gate will compare the states of two or more connections and indicate if all of the connections have a logical 1 applied to them. An AND gate will deliver a logical 1 if all of its inputs have logical 1s.
The Inverter has a single input and the output is opposite to that input.
The above gates are all it takes to perform any logical manipulation of data. Everything that is done by a computer is done with only the OR, AND and Inverter functions. All other functions, such as the following gates are derived from the three basic gates.
The Exclusive OR Gate will compare the states of two or more connections and indicate if there is any difference between the connections. An Exclusive OR gate will deliver a logical 1 if any input is different from the rest.
Each of these gates are made by adding an inverter to the output of AND, OR and XOR gates respectively.
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